Foundation design is the process of creating a stable base for a structure, ensuring it can support the weight and resist environmental forces. It involves analyzing soil conditions, load requirements, and building materials to determine the best type of foundation, such as shallow foundations or deep foundations. Proper foundation design is crucial for the longevity and safety of a building. A well-designed foundation prevents issues like settlement or uplift, which can lead to structural damage. Engineers use various techniques and calculations to ensure that the foundation can handle the expected loads and environmental conditions over time.