A mastectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of one or both breasts, typically to treat or prevent breast cancer. This operation can vary in extent, from removing just the breast tissue to removing surrounding tissues and lymph nodes. Mastectomies are often recommended when a tumor is present or when there is a high risk of developing breast cancer. There are different types of mastectomies, including total mastectomy, where the entire breast is removed, and lumpectomy, which conserves some breast tissue. Patients may also consider reconstructive surgery afterward to restore the breast's appearance. Recovery times and experiences can vary based on the individual and the type of surgery performed.