A makam is a system of melodic modes used in Turkish and Middle Eastern music. Each makam has its own unique scale, emotional character, and rules for improvisation and composition. Musicians use makams to create a wide range of musical expressions, often reflecting different moods and themes. In addition to their musical structure, makams are often associated with specific cultural and historical contexts. They can evoke particular feelings or atmospheres, making them an essential element in traditional performances, including classical music, folk music, and even sufi practices. Understanding makams enhances the appreciation of the rich musical heritage in these regions.