A "makam" is a musical mode or scale used in traditional Turkish and Middle Eastern music. Each makam has its own unique set of notes and specific rules for how they can be used, creating distinct emotional expressions. The concept of makam is fundamental to the improvisational style of music in these cultures, allowing musicians to convey a wide range of feelings. In addition to its musical significance, makam is also associated with specific compositions and performances. Musicians often study various makams to master their nuances, which can include variations in pitch and ornamentation. This rich tradition plays a vital role in the cultural heritage of Turkey and surrounding regions.