A "mainland" refers to the primary landmass of a country or continent, as opposed to its islands or smaller landforms. It is typically the largest and most significant part of a nation, where the majority of its population and economic activities are concentrated. For example, the United States mainland includes the contiguous states, excluding territories like Hawaii and Puerto Rico. Mainlands can vary in size and geography, featuring diverse landscapes such as mountains, plains, and forests. They often serve as the central hub for transportation, trade, and cultural exchange. The European mainland includes countries like France and Germany, which are connected by land, unlike island nations such as Japan.