Magnetic material characterization involves measuring and analyzing the magnetic properties of materials to understand their behavior in magnetic fields. This process helps identify key characteristics such as magnetic permeability, hysteresis, and saturation magnetization, which are essential for applications in electronics, data storage, and energy conversion. Techniques used in magnetic material characterization include vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUID). These methods provide insights into how materials respond to external magnetic fields, enabling researchers and engineers to develop better magnetic materials for various technological applications.