Saturation magnetization refers to the maximum magnetization a material can achieve when subjected to an external magnetic field. At this point, all magnetic moments within the material align in the same direction, resulting in a uniform magnetic field. This property is crucial in understanding how materials behave in magnetic applications. Different materials exhibit varying levels of saturation magnetization, influenced by their atomic structure and composition. For instance, iron has a high saturation magnetization, making it a common choice in electromagnets and transformers. In contrast, materials like copper have low saturation magnetization and are not typically used for magnetic applications.