Vibrating sample magnetometry is a technique used to measure the magnetic properties of materials. It works by placing a small sample in a magnetic field and then vibrating it at a specific frequency. This vibration causes the sample to generate an electrical signal, which is proportional to its magnetization. The generated signal is detected and analyzed to determine various magnetic characteristics, such as magnetic susceptibility and hysteresis. This method is particularly useful for studying materials like ferromagnets and superparamagnets, providing insights into their behavior under different magnetic conditions.