magma
Magma is a hot, molten rock found beneath the Earth's surface. It forms when solid rock in the mantle or crust melts due to high temperatures and pressure. When magma rises to the surface, it can erupt through volcanoes, becoming lava.
Magma contains various minerals and gases, which can influence its behavior during an eruption. There are different types of magma, such as basaltic, andesitic, and rhyolitic, each with unique properties. The study of magma helps scientists understand volcanic activity and the formation of igneous rocks.