Lunar regolith is the layer of loose, fragmented material that covers the surface of the Moon. It consists of fine dust, small rocks, and tiny glass particles created by the impact of meteoroids. This material is primarily made up of minerals like silicates and contains elements such as oxygen, silicon, and iron. The regolith varies in thickness, ranging from a few meters to over 20 meters in some areas. It plays a crucial role in lunar exploration, as it can provide resources for future missions, including potential building materials and sources of water ice.