Lower motor neurons are nerve cells located in the spinal cord and brainstem that directly control muscle movements. They transmit signals from the central nervous system to skeletal muscles, enabling voluntary actions like walking and grasping. Damage to these neurons can lead to muscle weakness or paralysis. These neurons are part of the peripheral nervous system and connect to muscle fibers at the neuromuscular junction. When a lower motor neuron is activated, it releases neurotransmitters that stimulate muscle contraction. Conditions affecting lower motor neurons include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy.