Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. It leads to the gradual loss of motor neurons, which are responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movements. As these neurons deteriorate, individuals may experience muscle weakness, difficulty speaking, and challenges with swallowing and breathing. The exact cause of ALS is not fully understood, but it can occur sporadically or in a familial form, where it is inherited. While there is currently no cure, treatments are available to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life for those affected by the disease.