The term "lower CASE" refers to the use of small letters in writing, as opposed to capital letters. In typography, lowercase letters are the standard form of letters used in most text, making it easier to read and understand. For example, the letter "a" is in lowercase, while "A" is in uppercase. Lowercase letters are essential in various contexts, including programming and digital communication. In computer science, programming languages often distinguish between uppercase and lowercase letters, which can affect how code is interpreted. For instance, in the programming language Python, variable names are case-sensitive, meaning "variable" and "Variable" would be considered different identifiers.