Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a non-invasive medical procedure used to treat kidney stones. It involves using focused sound waves to break down stones into smaller pieces, making them easier to pass through the urinary tract. The procedure is typically performed on an outpatient basis and does not require any incisions. During ESWL, a patient lies on a treatment table while a machine generates shock waves. These waves are directed at the kidney stones, causing them to fragment. Most patients experience minimal discomfort, and recovery time is usually quick, allowing them to return to normal activities shortly after the procedure.