Literary themes are the central ideas or messages that a writer explores in a work of literature. They often reflect universal concepts such as love, conflict, identity, or morality. Themes help readers understand the deeper meanings behind the characters' actions and the plot's progression, allowing for a richer interpretation of the text. In literature, themes can be expressed through various elements, including character development, setting, and symbolism. For example, a story about friendship may explore themes of loyalty and sacrifice, while a tale of adventure might delve into themes of courage and self-discovery. Recognizing these themes enhances the reading experience and fosters critical thinking.