Liberation theology is a movement within Christianity that emphasizes social justice and the liberation of oppressed people. It emerged in the 1950s and 1960s, particularly in Latin America, as a response to poverty and inequality. The theology combines religious beliefs with political activism, advocating for the rights of the marginalized and promoting social change. Key figures in liberation theology include Gustavo Gutiérrez, who is often considered its founder, and Leonardo Boff. This approach interprets the teachings of Jesus as a call to action against injustice, encouraging believers to work towards a more equitable society.