The lesser occipital nerve is a small nerve that arises from the cervical plexus, specifically from the second cervical nerve, or C2. It primarily provides sensory innervation to the skin on the back of the head and the upper neck. This nerve plays a crucial role in transmitting sensations such as touch and temperature from these areas to the brain. In addition to its sensory function, the lesser occipital nerve can sometimes be involved in headaches, particularly tension-type headaches. Understanding its pathway and function can help in diagnosing and treating conditions related to neck and head pain, making it an important structure in neurology and pain management.