Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. It is commonly spread through contact with water or soil contaminated with the urine of infected animals, such as rats and dogs. Symptoms can range from mild flu-like signs to severe illness, including liver damage and kidney failure. Prevention of leptospirosis involves avoiding contaminated water and practicing good hygiene, especially in areas where the disease is common. Vaccines are available for some animals, like dogs, to help reduce the risk of transmission. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics are crucial for recovery.