Learning processes refer to the ways in which individuals acquire, retain, and apply knowledge or skills. These processes can involve various methods, such as observation, practice, and instruction. Learning can be influenced by factors like motivation, prior knowledge, and the environment in which it occurs. Different theories explain how learning happens, including behaviorism, which focuses on observable behaviors, and constructivism, which emphasizes the learner's active role in constructing knowledge. Effective learning often combines these approaches, allowing individuals to engage with material in a meaningful way and develop critical thinking skills.