Jus in bello refers to the set of legal and ethical rules that govern the conduct of parties during armed conflict. It is part of international humanitarian law and aims to limit the effects of war on people and property. These rules apply regardless of the reasons for the conflict and seek to protect those who are not participating in hostilities, such as civilians and medical personnel. Key principles of jus in bello include the distinction between combatants and non-combatants, proportionality in the use of force, and the prohibition of unnecessary suffering. These principles help ensure that military operations are conducted in a manner that respects human rights and minimizes harm to innocent individuals.