Judo is a modern martial art and Olympic sport that originated in Japan in the late 19th century. It was created by Jigoro Kano, who combined elements of traditional Japanese jiu-jitsu with his own principles of physical education. The primary focus of judo is on throwing, pinning, and grappling techniques, allowing practitioners to use their opponent's strength and balance against them. In judo, participants wear a uniform called a gi and compete on a mat known as a tatami. Matches are won by scoring points through successful throws, holds, or submissions. Judo emphasizes respect, discipline, and mutual welfare, making it not only a sport but also a way to develop character and physical fitness.