Iron deficiency anemia is a common type of anemia that occurs when the body lacks enough iron to produce sufficient hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. This deficiency can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pale skin, as the body struggles to deliver adequate oxygen to tissues. The condition can result from various factors, including inadequate dietary intake of iron, blood loss from menstruation or injury, or absorption issues in the digestive system. Treatment typically involves increasing iron intake through diet or supplements, and addressing any underlying causes.