The internal iliac arteries are major blood vessels that branch off from the common iliac arteries in the pelvis. They supply blood to the pelvic organs, including the bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs. Each internal iliac artery divides into anterior and posterior branches, which further supply various structures in the pelvis and lower limbs. These arteries play a crucial role in delivering oxygenated blood to vital areas. The anterior branches primarily supply the pelvic viscera, while the posterior branches provide blood to the muscles and skin of the buttocks and lower back. Understanding their function is important in medical fields related to surgery and vascular health.