The common iliac arteries are major blood vessels that branch off from the abdominal aorta. They are located in the lower abdomen and each common iliac artery divides into two smaller arteries: the internal iliac artery and the external iliac artery. These arteries supply blood to the pelvis, lower limbs, and reproductive organs. The right and left common iliac arteries are symmetrical and run parallel to each other. They typically begin at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra and extend down to the pelvic region. Proper functioning of the common iliac arteries is essential for maintaining adequate blood flow to the lower body.