Integrated optics is a technology that combines optical components, such as waveguides, lenses, and detectors, onto a single chip. This miniaturization allows for more efficient light manipulation and transmission, making devices smaller and more powerful. Integrated optics is essential in applications like telecommunications, where it helps in the development of faster and more reliable data transmission systems. The field relies on materials like silicon and indium phosphide to create these optical circuits. By integrating multiple functions onto one platform, integrated optics can reduce costs and improve performance in various devices, including fiber optic sensors and laser systems.