Fiber optic sensors are devices that use light transmitted through fiber optic cables to detect changes in the environment. They work by sending light signals along the fibers, which can be affected by factors such as temperature, pressure, or strain. When these conditions change, the light signal is altered, allowing the sensor to measure and monitor various physical parameters. These sensors are widely used in industries like telecommunications, medical diagnostics, and structural health monitoring. Their advantages include high sensitivity, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and the ability to operate over long distances, making them ideal for applications where traditional sensors may not perform well.