A waveguide is a structure that directs electromagnetic waves, such as light or radio signals, from one point to another. It can be made from various materials, including metal or glass, and is often used in telecommunications and optical systems. By confining the waves within a specific path, waveguides help improve signal quality and reduce loss. In the context of fiber optics, waveguides are crucial for transmitting data over long distances with minimal interference. They work by allowing light to bounce along the walls of the guide, ensuring that the signal remains strong. This technology is essential for high-speed internet and advanced communication systems.