An integrated circuit (IC) is a small electronic device made up of many interconnected components, such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors, all embedded on a single piece of semiconductor material, usually silicon. This compact design allows for the miniaturization of electronic devices, making them more efficient and cost-effective. ICs are essential in modern technology, powering everything from computers and smartphones to home appliances and automobiles. They enable complex functions to be performed in a tiny space, significantly enhancing performance and reducing the size of electronic systems.