Insulin resistance occurs when the body's cells do not respond effectively to the hormone insulin. This hormone, produced by the pancreas, helps regulate blood sugar levels by allowing cells to absorb glucose for energy. When cells resist insulin, the body needs to produce more of it to maintain normal blood sugar levels. Over time, this increased demand can lead to higher levels of insulin in the blood, which may contribute to conditions like type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, and genetics can increase the risk of developing insulin resistance.