In-situ treatment refers to a method of addressing environmental contamination directly at the site where it occurs. This approach often involves techniques that treat pollutants in their original location, minimizing the need for excavation or removal. Common methods include bioremediation, where microorganisms break down contaminants, and chemical treatments that neutralize harmful substances. This technique is particularly useful for managing contaminated soil and groundwater, as it can reduce costs and environmental disruption. In-situ treatment is often employed in areas affected by industrial activities, such as oil spills or heavy metal contamination, allowing for more efficient and sustainable remediation efforts.