The iliac arteries are major blood vessels that branch off from the abdominal aorta at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra. They are divided into two main branches: the right and left iliac arteries. These arteries supply blood to the pelvis, lower limbs, and some abdominal structures. Each iliac artery further divides into two smaller arteries: the internal iliac artery, which supplies blood to the pelvic organs, and the external iliac artery, which continues down to become the femoral artery in the thigh. Proper blood flow through the iliac arteries is essential for lower body function and health.