The internal iliac artery is a major blood vessel that branches off from the common iliac artery in the pelvis. It supplies blood to the pelvic organs, including the bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs. This artery is crucial for delivering oxygenated blood to these areas, supporting their functions. The internal iliac artery has several branches, including the superior gluteal artery and the inferior gluteal artery, which supply blood to the gluteal muscles and skin of the buttocks. Additionally, it gives rise to arteries that serve the uterus and vagina in females, and the prostate and seminal vesicles in males.