Identity politics refers to political positions and movements that are based on the interests and perspectives of social groups defined by shared characteristics, such as race, gender, sexual orientation, or religion. It emphasizes the importance of these identities in shaping individuals' experiences and political beliefs, often advocating for the rights and recognition of marginalized groups. Supporters of identity politics argue that it helps to address historical injustices and systemic inequalities faced by specific communities. Critics, however, contend that it can lead to division and a focus on group identity over common societal goals, potentially undermining broader social cohesion.