Hyperammonemia is a medical condition characterized by elevated levels of ammonia in the blood. Ammonia is a waste product formed during the breakdown of proteins. Normally, the liver converts ammonia into urea, which is then excreted by the kidneys. When this process is disrupted, ammonia accumulates, leading to potential toxicity. Symptoms of hyperammonemia can include confusion, lethargy, and in severe cases, coma. It can result from various causes, including liver disease, genetic disorders, or certain medications. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent serious complications and restore normal ammonia levels.