Hydrothermal fluids are hot, mineral-rich waters that circulate through the Earth's crust. They are typically formed when groundwater is heated by nearby magma or hot rocks, leading to changes in pressure and temperature. These fluids can dissolve various minerals and carry them to different locations, influencing geological processes. These fluids play a crucial role in the formation of geothermal energy resources and mineral deposits. They can create unique environments, such as hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor, where diverse ecosystems thrive due to the nutrients provided by the minerals in the fluids.