Hydraulic fracturing, often called fracking, is a technique used to extract natural gas and oil from deep underground. It involves injecting a high-pressure mixture of water, sand, and chemicals into rock formations. This pressure creates small fractures in the rock, allowing the trapped oil or gas to flow more freely to the surface. While fracking has boosted energy production, it has also raised environmental concerns. Critics worry about potential groundwater contamination and the impact on local ecosystems. Supporters argue that it provides a significant energy source and can lead to economic growth in regions where fracking occurs.