Historical periods are distinct time frames in history that are characterized by specific events, cultural developments, or social changes. These periods help historians organize and study the past, making it easier to understand how societies evolved. Examples of historical periods include the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, and the Industrial Revolution. Each historical period is marked by unique features, such as advancements in technology, shifts in political power, or changes in art and philosophy. For instance, the Renaissance was known for its revival of classical learning and the flourishing of the arts, while the Industrial Revolution transformed economies through industrialization and urbanization.