A hernia occurs when an internal organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. Common types include inguinal hernias, femoral hernias, and umbilical hernias. Repairing a hernia typically involves surgery to return the protruding tissue to its proper place and strengthen the weakened area. There are two main surgical techniques for hernia repairs: open surgery and laparoscopic surgery. In open surgery, a larger incision is made, while laparoscopic surgery uses smaller incisions and special instruments. Both methods aim to relieve pain and prevent complications, allowing patients to return to normal activities.