Heart valve repair or replacement is a surgical procedure aimed at fixing or replacing damaged heart valves. The heart has four valves that help regulate blood flow, and when these valves do not function properly, it can lead to serious health issues. Repairing a valve may involve tightening or reinforcing it, while replacement involves using a mechanical or biological valve to take its place. The decision to repair or replace a valve depends on the type and severity of the valve disease. Common conditions that may require this surgery include mitral valve prolapse and aortic stenosis. The procedure can improve heart function and enhance the quality of life for patients.