Black powder, also known as gunpowder, is a chemical mixture primarily composed of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur. It was historically used as a propellant in firearms and cannons, as well as in fireworks. When ignited, black powder rapidly produces gas and heat, creating an explosive force that propels projectiles. This substance was invented in the 9th century in China and played a significant role in warfare and mining. Although it has largely been replaced by smokeless powder in modern applications, black powder is still used in some historical reenactments, antique firearms, and specific types of fireworks.