The guitarra portuguesa is a traditional Portuguese string instrument, known for its distinctive pear-shaped body and twelve strings, typically arranged in six courses. It is primarily used in fado, a genre of music that expresses deep emotions and nostalgia. The instrument's unique sound is produced through a combination of plucking and strumming techniques. Originating in the 19th century, the guitarra portuguesa has become an essential part of Portuguese culture. It is often played alongside other instruments, such as the viola and bass, to create rich, melodic harmonies. Its craftsmanship and design reflect the artistry of Portuguese luthiers.