Ground rods are metal rods, typically made of copper or galvanized steel, that are driven into the ground to provide a safe path for electrical currents. They are an essential part of electrical grounding systems, helping to protect buildings and equipment from electrical surges and lightning strikes. By connecting electrical systems to the earth, ground rods help prevent damage and ensure safety. These rods are usually installed vertically and must be driven deep enough to reach moist soil, which improves conductivity. The National Electrical Code (NEC) provides guidelines on the proper installation and use of ground rods to ensure effective grounding in various settings, including residential and commercial buildings.