A grading scale is a system used to evaluate and communicate a student's performance in an educational setting. Commonly, it assigns letter grades, such as A, B, C, D, and F, with each letter corresponding to a specific range of percentage scores. For example, an A typically represents scores from 90% to 100%, while an F indicates failure, usually below 60%. Different institutions may use variations of grading scales, such as the 4.0 scale, where an A equals 4.0 points, a B equals 3.0 points, and so on. These scales help standardize assessments and provide a clear understanding of a student's academic standing.