Grading systems are methods used by educational institutions to evaluate and communicate students' academic performance. Commonly, these systems use letter grades, such as A, B, C, D, and F, where A typically represents excellent performance and F indicates failure. Each letter may correspond to a specific range of percentage scores, helping to standardize assessments across different subjects and courses. In addition to letter grades, some schools use numerical scores or grade point averages (GPAs) to provide a more detailed evaluation. A GPA is calculated on a scale, often from 0 to 4.0, where higher values reflect better performance. These grading systems help students understand their strengths and areas for improvement.