Glyoxalase I is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the detoxification of harmful compounds in the body. It catalyzes the conversion of methylglyoxal, a toxic byproduct of metabolism, into a less harmful substance. This process is essential for maintaining cellular health and preventing damage caused by reactive compounds. The enzyme functions as part of the glyoxalase system, which includes another enzyme called glyoxalase II. Together, they help regulate levels of methylglyoxal and protect cells from oxidative stress. Dysregulation of glyoxalase I has been linked to various diseases, including diabetes and cancer.