Glutamate receptors are proteins located on the surface of nerve cells that respond to the neurotransmitter glutamate. They play a crucial role in transmitting signals between neurons, which is essential for processes like learning and memory. There are two main types of glutamate receptors: ionotropic receptors, which allow ions to flow into the cell when activated, and metabotropic receptors, which trigger a series of biochemical events inside the cell. These receptors are widely distributed throughout the brain and are involved in various functions, including synaptic plasticity and neuronal communication. Abnormalities in glutamate receptor function can contribute to neurological disorders such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease.