Foundation Engineering is a branch of civil engineering that focuses on the design and construction of foundations for structures. Foundations are crucial because they transfer the load of a building or structure to the ground, ensuring stability and safety. Engineers assess soil conditions, load requirements, and environmental factors to determine the best foundation type, such as shallow or deep foundations. The process involves various techniques, including soil testing and analysis, to understand the ground's bearing capacity. Proper foundation design helps prevent issues like settling, tilting, or structural failure, making Foundation Engineering essential for the longevity of buildings and infrastructure.