Geological processes are natural events that shape the Earth's structure and surface over time. These processes include volcanism, where molten rock erupts from beneath the Earth's crust, and erosion, which involves the wearing away of rocks and soil by wind, water, and ice. Other important processes are sedimentation, where particles settle in layers, and tectonic activity, which involves the movement of the Earth's plates, leading to earthquakes and the formation of mountains. These processes work together to create various landforms and geological features. For example, rivers can carve valleys through erosion, while volcanoes can create new land when they erupt. Understanding these processes helps scientists learn about the Earth's history and predict future changes in the environment.