A gauge railway refers to a railway system defined by the distance between the inner sides of the rails, known as the track gauge. Different gauges can affect the design and operation of trains, influencing factors like speed and stability. Common gauges include standard gauge (1,435 mm) and narrow gauge (less than 1,067 mm), each serving specific purposes in various regions. Gauge railways are essential for transporting goods and passengers efficiently. They can be found in many countries, with some railways using unique gauges to navigate challenging terrains. The choice of gauge often reflects historical, geographical, and economic considerations in railway development.