Gap junctions are specialized connections between adjacent cells that allow for direct communication. They consist of protein channels called connexons, which form pores that enable the passage of ions and small molecules. This communication is crucial for various physiological processes, including the coordination of muscle contractions and the regulation of cell growth. These junctions play a vital role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and function. By allowing cells to share signals and nutrients, gap junctions help synchronize activities in tissues such as the heart and brain. Disruptions in gap junction function can lead to various diseases, highlighting their importance in cellular communication.